2024年高考试卷
无论是在学校还是在社会中，我们都要用到试卷，经过半个学期的学习，究竟学到了什么?需要试卷来帮我们检验。什么样的试卷才是科学规范的试卷呢？下面是小编为大家整理的2024年高考试卷，欢迎大家分享。
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国甲卷）
英语学科
第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分）
第一节（共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where are the speakers going?
A. A new restaurant. B. A convenience store. C. Their office.
2. When is the class presentation according to Vicky?
A. On Thursday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Tuesday.
3. Why does the woman make the call?
A. To check the price. B. To make an apology. C. To cancel her order.
4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Boss and employee. C. Salesperson and customer.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Their move to a new place. B. Toms friends at school. C. A sports center.
第二节（共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6 段材料, 回答第6、7题。
6. What does the girl tell her dad?
A. She decides to quit college.
B. She worries about her academic ability.
C. She is unpopular with her classmates.
7. How does the father help his daughter?
A. By telling a funny joke. B. By sharing his own story. C. By planning a school tour.
听第7段材料, 回答第8 至 10题。
8. Who is the man?
A. A researcher. B. A bird watcher. C. A radio host.
9. When do birds sing quieter?
A. On weekend mornings. B. During rush hours. C. In early evenings.
10. What is Dr. Zollinger going to do next?
A. Summarize her studies. B. Play some recordings. C. Answer more questions.
听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。
11. Where was Jena born?
A. In Canada. B. In Japan. C. In Australia.
12. How old was Mike when he left Glasgow?
A. Five. B. Six. C. Ten.
13. What do we know about Mikes parents?
A. They enjoy living abroad.
B. They first met at the age of 20.
C. They will start their own company.
听第9段材料, 回答第14至16题。
14. What is the first question to Mr. Green about?
A. His adventure in space. B. His physical condition. C. His doctors advice.
15. How does Mr. Green feel about traveling to Mars?
A. Its unlikely to happen.
B. Its physically demanding.
C. Its a chance not to be missed.
16. Which is Mr. Greens favorite movie?
A. Apollo 13. B. Blue Earth. C. Space Station.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. What is the speaker doing?
A. Giving a report.
B. Introducing a musical play.
C. Making an announcement.
18. What are the students expected to do?
A. Carry school flags. B. Wear fun clothes. C. Design fancy masks.
19. Where can the parents stand and watch?
A. On the sidewalk. B. On the playground. C. In front of the office.
20. What should the students do if they dont take part?
A. Let their teacher know. B. Stay in the lecture hall. C. Do some reading.
参考答案
1-5ACBCA 6-10 BBCAB
11-15 ABABC 16-20ACBCA
听力原文
(Text 1)
W: Look, we have time for hamburgar at this former restaurant.
W: Forget that. I know a new restaurant on Maple Street not far from our company. Is that okay with you？
M: Perfect.
(Text 2)
M: Hi，Vicky. I remember our class presentation is on Wednesday，but you said its on Thursday. Are you sure？
W: Sorry. It was a slip of the tongue. I meant Tuesday for sure.
(Text 3)
M: Allens furniture. Can I help you？
W: Hi. Im the one who asked about the price of a glass tea table top. Just now Im sorry，I made a mistake. The size should be 75 centimeters by 50 centimeters.
M: Oh. Thatll make a difference in the price. Hold on and let me find out.
(Text 4)
W: These are our new arrivals. Every man should own at least one woollen sweater. Dont you think？
M: I agree. Any suggestions？
W: The one with two pockets sells best this year？Lightweight and stylish. Would you like to try it on？
(Text 5)
W: How do you like your school,Tom？
M: Oh, I like it a lot and I also like the area. The nearby recreation center is cool. Thank you，mom.
W: What really leaves you happy with your new home？
(Text 6)
W: I dont know if I want to go to college，I dont think Ill do very well there，
M: Why not？
W: Because Im not smart.
M: Ye, It can be scary.
W: Did you ever come close to dropping out, Dad？
M: No. But I worried a lot before I went，I thought college would be full of brains. Once I got there，I found out that most of the kids were just like me.
(Text 7)
M: Hello，listeners. People around the world are reporting that birds are much louder these days. Now Ive connected with doctor salinger and lets hear what she will say.
W: We feel that theyre singing louder because they sing in typically noisy places. But when the noise is gone，they sing quieter than they normally do.
M: In other words，birds are like us in a noisy bar，for example，people will raise their voices.
W: Exactly. We know that birds sing quieter on the weekend mornings.
(Text 8)
M: Hi. I dont think weve met before. Im Mike.
W: Hi，Mike. My name is Gina. Nice to meet you.
M: Nice to meet you，Gina. Where do you come from？
W: Originally Im from Canada，but we moved to australia when I was about 5 years old now. My parents live in Tokyo. How about you, Mike？
M: I was born in Glasgow and we lived there until I was six. Then since my father worked for an international trade company，we moved all over the place.
W: Yeah. Where are some of the places youve lived？
M: Most of the time we lived abroad？We spent a total of 10 years in Japan，Germany and Korea. We came back to the UK only 2 years ago，but I think my parents would prefer to stay overseas for another 20 years.
W: Wow. It sounds like youve had an interesting life.
(Text 9)
W: Good morning. Welcome the space hero, Mr Green to my studio.
M: Hello. Maria. Hello，my dear friends.
W: Well. Lets start from the first question I collected from the audience. Did you have any moments of dizziness since he landed back on the earth.
M: The first 3 days back were pretty tough. Your body system is all messed up. So you feel dizzy. Its quite normal，though.
W: Thanks. Another question. Would you go for the first manned Mars travel, If you have the chance？
M: Absolutely. A trip to Mars is hugely exciting. Im always ready for it.
W: I know you can watch movies on the space station. Whats your favorite space movie？Some people asked.
M: Apollo 13 is probably my top one. My sons love blue earth. It was brilliant watching the new movie on board the space station.
(Text 10)
W : Our next dress up day will be on friday，October 28th， and it is our annual dress up day. On this day，students may dress up in fun clothes and there will be a march around the school. Students are reminded not to carry sharp things such as knives and swords. Please make sure that you can see and breathe easily if you wear masks. Parents are invited to watch the event but are asked to stand either in front of the office near the flagpole or in the grassy courtyard，the students will be marching around on the sidewalks. So we do need to keep all sidewalks clear. Parents and friends may also join in the march if they are dressed in appropriate clothes. But if youre just watching，wed like to ask you to stay in one spot to reduce traffic jams. Students who do not wish to take part in the event for religious or other reasons should inform their teacher and they will be allowed to stay in the office until after the event.
第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）
第一节（共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard communitys artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of natures most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potters wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).
1. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings. B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities. D. It is a major tourist attraction.
2. Which program will you join if youre interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor. B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing. D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
3. What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts.
C Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了ARTS FIRST艺术节的相关艺术展览和艺术制作活动，并且邀请热爱的学生或社区成员加入。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.(我们期待着您的到来，我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”；“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity(没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”；“Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知，ARTS FIRST是提供娱乐活动的。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880 ― 1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880 ― 1990年美国水彩画：进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣，可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of History to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知，参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B项。
B
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and youre able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mothers attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. Thats why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they dont usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit thats been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that its been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
4. What can be learned about cats meowing from the first paragraph?
A. Its a survival skill. B. Its taught by mother cats.
C. Its hard to interpret. D. Its getting louder with age.
5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
7. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cats Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。
C
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers ― it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
8. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
9. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
10. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
【8题详解】
细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctors appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。
【11题详解】
推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
【点睛】
D
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.
But writing the end ― that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending thats unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be ― that’s up to you and the story you’re telling ― but it might provide what you need to get there.
12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
13. What did the author realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter of personal preferences.
B. Readers are often carried away by character.
C. Each type of literature has its unique end.
D. A story which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected of a good ending?
A. It satisfies readers’ taste. B. It fits with the story development.
C. It is usually positive. D. It is open for imagination.
15. Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims?
A. To give examples of great novelists. B. To stress the theme of this issue.
C. To encourage writing for the magazine. D. To recommend their new books.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治・艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again. From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I’d pick up a love romance. If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction. Choosing what to read became easier.( 这对我来说是一个顿悟的时刻，我再也没有想过同样的结局。从那时起，如果我想读一个保证幸福的结局，我就会选一部爱情小说。如果我想要一个我猜不到的结局，我会选一本神秘小说。一种是我知道会发生什么，历史小说。选择读什么变得更容易了)”可知，见过格雷西教授后，作者意识到了每种类型的文学都有其独特的结局。故选C项。
14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“But writing the end―that’s hard. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable, but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what’s right for the characters.(但是写出结局――那很难。对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说意义重大。你必须平衡创造一个不可预测的结局，但这个结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定)”可知，人们对一个好结局的期望是结局又不能显得凭空而来，要适合角色的设定，也就是符合故事的发展。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“That’s why this issue (期) of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing. If it’s short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.( 这就是为什么这期《Writer’s Digest》旨在帮助你找出如何为你正在写的任何类型的作品写出最好的结局。如果是短篇小说，彼得・蒙特福德分解了六种技巧，你可以尝试看看哪一种能帮助你完美着陆。伊丽莎白・西姆斯分析了五部伟大小说的最后几章，看看它们包含了哪些关键点，以及你如何将它们应用到你的作品中)”可知，作者提到彼得・蒙福德和伊丽莎白・西姆斯是为了强调这期《Writer’s Digest》的主题，即帮助读者写出更好的结尾。故选B项。
【点睛】
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. ____16____ But it doesnt mean saying goodbye to the foods you love.
Take your time. Its important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. ____17____ It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. Its more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. ____18____
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. ____19____ Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
____20____ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 ― 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when youre most active and giving your digestive system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We dont always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Dont swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That wont lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. B 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了，在饮食上注意节制及其如何节制的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在吃的少。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养东西，而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的`东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于急躁。C项“不要在上班的路上急忙吃下一顿饭。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. (如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
【19题详解】
根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。
【20题详解】
设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 ― 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食14 ― 16个小时，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“全天合理饮食。”符合语境。故选A项。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）
第一节（共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ____21____ to help my grandmother wash dishes. ____22____ my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood.
Born just before WWII, my grandmother ____23____ an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to ____24____. Like in typical families, where boys were ____25____ much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ____26____. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to ____27____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____28____ with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening ____29____. This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down ― a skill that has turned out to be quite ____30____, especially whenever we share the newspaper. On most weekends, my grandmother, a young girl then, and her brother would go to the ____31____. There, they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater and hold their ____32____ while they watched all action going on around them. This is something I ____33____ ― her ability to open her ____34____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed.
My childhood is quite ____35____ compared with hers. I am ____36____ that I did not need to ____37____ the hardships like she did. Ive never faced the problem of ____38____. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to ____39____ to: her stories always make my history textbooks ____40____.
21. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall
22. A. As always B. By the way C. For example D. Here and now
23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced
24. A. work B. school C. court D. press
25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged
26. A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach
28. A. food B. guests C. lessons D. tea
29. A. closely B. directly C. nervously D. freely
30. A. professional B. awkward C. simple D. practical
31. A. market B. mountain C. beach D. class
32. A. secret B. breath C. view D. tongue
33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value
34. A. hands B. mouth C. eyes D. arms
35. A. difficult B. complex C. happy D. similar
36. A. grateful B. surprised C. convinced D. regretful
37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for
38. A. unemployment B. health C. education D. communication
39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk
40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者祖母的童年故事，以及作者从故事中得到的感悟。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。A. sitting room客厅；B. kitchen厨房；C. yard院子；D. dining hall餐厅。根据下文“to help my grandmother wash dishes”可推知，此处指作者在厨房洗碗。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查副词短语辨析。句意：一如既往地，我的祖母会给我讲她童年的故事。As always一如既往；B. By the way顺便说一句；C. For example例如；D. Here and now此时此地。根据语境，结合下文“my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood”可推知，此处指作者的祖母经常给作者讲童年故事，这次一如既往的给作者讲她童年的故事。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的祖母出生在二战前夕，她的童年生活方式与我的完全不同。A. adjusted调整；B. promoted促进；C. achieved完成；D. experienced经历。根据下文“an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine”可推知，此处指祖母经历的童年与作者的不同。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有机会上学。A. work工作；B. school学校；C. court法院；D. press出版社。根据下文“The only opportunity she could seize to ____7____ was when her brother was having Chinese ____8____ with the family tutor”可推知，此处在指祖母生活的年代，她是没有机会上学的。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A. favored赞成；B. tolerated容忍；C. trusted信任；D. acknowledged承认。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families”并结合语境可推知，此处指作者祖母生活的年代是重男轻女的，所以祖母才不被允许上学。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像典型的重男轻女的家庭一样，我奶奶不得不呆在家里做家务。A.gardening园艺；B. homework家庭作业；C. business商务；D.housework家务。结合语境，再根据上文“my grandma had to stay at home”可推知，此处指作者祖母在家里做家务。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. exercise锻炼；B. study学习；C. explore探索；D. teach教学。根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母不被允许上学，自己找机会学习。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她唯一能抓住的学习机会是当她的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课的时候。A. food食物；B. guests客人；C. lessons课程；D. tea茶。根据上文“having Chinese”以及下文“with the family tutor”可推知，此处指祖母的哥哥和家庭教师一起上语文课。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她会安静地坐在长长的餐桌的另一端，仔细地听着。A.closely仔细地、紧密地；B. directly直接地；C. nervously紧张地；D. freely自由地。根据上文“The only opportunity she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table”可推知，此处指祖母抓住学习机会，仔细地旁听学习。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这项训练教会了她把中文倒过来读和写――这项技能被证明是非常实用的，尤其是当我们分享报纸的时候。A. professional专业的；B. awkward令人尴尬的；C. simple简单的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down”以及下文“especially whenever we share the newspaper”可推知，此处指祖母学会的技能是非常实用的。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大多数周末，我的祖母，当时还是个小女孩，和她的哥哥会去海滩。A. market市场；B. mountain山；C. beach海滩；D. class班级。根据下文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥去海滩玩水。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他们会穿过深水，盘腿坐在水下，屏住呼吸，看着周围发生的一切。A. secret秘密；B. breath呼吸；C. view视野；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“they would walk through deep water, sit down cross-legged underwater”可推知，此处指祖母和哥哥在水下屏住呼吸。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. admire钦佩；B. notice注意到；C.adopt采纳；D. value重视。根据下文“her ability to open her ____14____ underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指作者佩服祖母在水里的能力。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很钦佩她在水下张开嘴，还能舒服地坐在海底的能力。A. hands手；B. mouth嘴；C. eyes眼睛；D. arms胳膊。根据上文“open her”以及下文“still sit comfortably on the seabed”可推知，此处指祖母张开嘴在水底坐着。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与她的童年相比，我的童年相当快乐。A. difficult困难的；B. complex复杂的；C. happy快乐的；D. similar相似的。通读全文，再根据“compared with hers”可推知，此处指与祖母的童年经历相比，作者的童年相当快乐。故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. grateful感激的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. convinced深信不疑的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“My childhood is quite happy compared with hers.”可推知，此处指作者很感激自己的童年是快乐的。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激我不需要像她那样经历磨难。A. reflect upon思考；B. go through经历；C. ask about询问；D. prepare for准备。根据上文“I am grateful that I did not need”以及下文“the hardships like she did”可推知，此处指作者感激自己不需要经历祖母经历过的那些磨难。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。A.unemployment失业；B. health健康；C. education教育；D. communication沟通。通读全文，再根据上文“She did not have a chance to go to school.”可推知，文章主要讲了祖母不被允许上学，没受过教育的困境，所以此处指作者从来没有遇到过受教育的问题。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. attend出席；B. refer参考；C. lead 领导；D. talk对话、讨论。结合上文祖母给作者讲故事，再根据上文“makes my grandmother such an amazing person”可推知，此处指祖母的经历使祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人。talk to“与某人交谈”。故选D。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想是我们不同的童年背景让我的祖母成为了一个交谈时令人惊叹的人：她的故事总是让我的历史教科书鲜活起来。A. come true成真；B. come round苏醒；C. come out出现；D. come alive变得生动。根据上文“I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbooks”可推知，此处指作者祖母的经历和故事丰富了作者的人生，使历史书上的故事变得生动鲜活，跃然纸上。故选D。
第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend ____41____ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ____45____(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with ____46____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____ all people of the nation to enjoy ― as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the ____48____ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____ (large) United States national park ― 2.2 million acres ― until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】41. to catch
42. treasures
43. what 44. were
45. be done
46. its 47. for
48. completion
49. largest
50. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。
【43题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
【45题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。
【49题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last week, I saw a program about Chongqing hotpot on TV. I was curious but planned a special one-day trip there with a friend of me. Our fast train was packing with passengers. A attendant gave us some travel brochures about Chongqing. When we arrived, we went straight a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted greatly. The atmosphere here made the meal all the more enjoyed. Hotpot is meant for families and friends to sit together, dip everything they like this in one pot, and shared friendship and love.
【答案】1. but→and
2. me→mine
3. packing→packed
4. A→An
5. straight后加 to
6. greatly → great
7. here → there
8. enjoyed →enjoyable
9.去掉this
10. shared→share
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者看了一个关于重庆火锅节目后和一个朋友去那里一日游的经历。
【详解】1. 考查连词。句意：我很好奇，和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。前后句之间为顺承关系，所以用并列连词and。故将but改成and。
2. 考查代词。句意：我很好奇，和我的一个朋友计划了一个特别的一日游。a friend of mine我的一个朋友。介词of后接是名词性物主代词作宾语。故将me改成mine。
3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的快车上挤满了乘客。be packed with“挤满”，pack与train是被动关系。故将packing改成packed。
4. 考查冠词。句意：一位服务员给了我们一些关于重庆的旅游手册。名词attendant 发音以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故将A改成An 。
5. 考查介词。句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。固定短语go straight to“径直前往”。故在straight后加 to。
6. 考查形容词。句意：当我们到达时，我们直接去了一家著名的餐馆，点了一些菜，味道很好。tasted是系动词，后接形容词作表语。故将greatly 改成 great 。
7. 考查代词。句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。描述刚刚到达的餐馆，用there指代上文提到的餐馆。故将here 改成 there。
8. 考查形容词。句意：那里的气氛使这顿饭更加愉快。more后接形容词形式，在句中作宾语补足语。故将enjoyed 改成enjoyable。
9. 考查定语从句。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。分析句子结构可知，这里为定语从句。先行词为everything，在定语从句中作宾语，省略关系代词that，从句中this多余。故去掉this。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：火锅意味着家人和朋友坐在一起，把他们喜欢的东西放在一个锅里，分享友谊和爱。不定式to后接动词原形sit ，dip和share，表示目的。故将shared改成share。
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52. 英语课要求做课堂展示, 请你根据所给图片，以Development of Transport in China为题写一篇发言稿。
注意:
1. 词数 100 左右;
2. 题目和首句已为你写好。
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to todays convenient transport, Chinese transport has an enormous development.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Development of Transport in China
From the vehicle of horses to today’s convenient transport, Chinese transport has seen enormous development. Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.
Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips. Secondly, the introduction of high- speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, making intercity travel faster and more comfortable. Lastly, the proliferation of new energy vehicles underscores China’s dedication to environmental sustainability, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.
In short, China’s transport system is embracing innovation and eco-friendliness.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据所给图片，以Development of Transport in China为题写一篇发言稿。
【详解】1.词汇激活
提供：offer→provide
极大地：dramatically→tremendously
减少：reduce→decrease
总之：in short→in a nutshell
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Firstly, shared bicycles have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility, offering an affordable and green alternative for short trips.
拓展句：Firstly, shared bicycles, which offer an affordable and green alternative for short trips have emerged as a symbol of urban mobility.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Chinese transport has undergone remarkable transformations, giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling.(运用了现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】These developments illustrate China’s journey towards a modern and efficient transportation network that balances convenience with environmental responsibility.(运用了that引导的定语从句)
1―5 ACBCA 6―10 BBCAB 11―15 ABABC 16―20 ACBCA
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）
语 文
（适用省份：山东、河北、湖北、福建、湖南、广东、江苏，浙江）
一、现代文阅读（35分）
（一）现代文阅读1（本题共5小题，19分）
阅读下列文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：
（四五）中国由劣势到平衡到优势，日本由优势到平衡到劣势，中国由防御到相持到反攻，日本由进攻到保守到退却――这就是中日战争的过程，中日战争的必然趋势。
（四六）于是问题和结论是：中国会亡吗？答复：不会亡，最后胜利是中国的。中国能够速胜吗？答复：不能速胜，必须是持久战。这个结论是正确的吗？我以为是正确的。
（四七）讲到这里，亡国论和妥协论者又将跑出来说：中国由劣势到平衡，需要有同日本相等的军力和经济力；由平衡到优势，需要有超过日本的军力和经济力；然而这是不可能的，因此上述结论是不正确的。
（四八）这就是所谓“唯武器论”，是战争问题中的机械论，是主观地和片面地看问题的意见。我们的意见与此相反，不但看到武器，而且看到人力。武器是战争的重要的因素，但不是决定的因素，决定的因素是人不是物。
力量对比不但是军力和经济力的对比，而且是人力和人心的对比。军力和经济力是要人去掌握的。如果中国人的大多数、日本人的大多数、世界各国人的大多数是站在抗日战争方面的话，那末，日本少数人强制地掌握着的军力和经济力，还能算是优势吗？它不是优势，那么，掌握比较劣势的军力和经济力的中国，不就成了优势吗？没有疑义，中国只要坚持抗战和坚持统一战线，其军力和经济力是能够逐渐地加强的。而我们的敌人，经过长期战争和内外矛盾的削弱，其军力和经济力又必然要起相反的变化。在这种情况下，难道中国也不能变成优势吗？还不止此，目前我们不能把别国的军力和经济力大量地公开地算作自己方面的力量，难道将来也不能吗？如果日本的敌人不止中国一个，如果将来有一国或几国以其相当大量的军力和经济力公开地防御或攻击日本，公开地援助我们，那末，优势不更在我们一方面吗？日本是小国，其战争是退步的和野蛮的，其国际地位将益处于孤立；中国是大国，其战争是进步的和正义的，其国际地位将益处于多助。所有这些，经过长期发展，难道还不能使敌我优劣的形势确定地发生变化吗？
（摘自毛泽东《论持久战》）
材料二：
1938年5月，毛泽东发表著名的《论持久战》，系统阐述了关于持久战的战略思想。
首先，毛泽东分析了中国实施持久战的外部原因。他说：“中日战争不是任何别的战争，乃是半殖民地半封建的中国和帝国主义的日本之间在二十世纪三十年代进行的一个决死的战争。”他列举了中日双方“互相反对”的四个特点。除战争的正义、非正义，以及与此相关的寡助、多助问题外，他特别强调了敌强我弱和敌小我大的问题。日本的强，表现在它的军力、经济力和政治组织力，这就决定了中国的抗日战争不能很快取得胜利。日本的小，表现在国度小，其人力、军力、财力、物力均经不起长期战争的消耗，这就决定了中国可以通过持久战而最终打败日本。
其次，毛泽东分析了中国实施持久战的内部条件。这个条件是什么？简单地说，就是把已经发动的抗战发展为全面的全民族的抗战。毛泽东以“兵民是胜利之本”为标题，专门论述了全面抗战和全民族抗战的观点。关于军队，他强调要把政治精神贯注于军队之中，这样才能激发官兵最大限度的抗战热忱。关于民众，他提出“战争的伟力之最深厚的根源，存在于民众之中”。共产党一直把“放手发动群众，壮大人民力量”作为自己的抗战路线，人民战争理论的科学性也得到了广泛印证。
以毛泽东为首的中国共产党人，不仅提出了抗日持久战战略，而且具体阐释了实施抗日持久战的方法。毛泽东指出，在中国大而弱、日本小而强的情况下敌人可以占地甚广，却在占领地留下很多空虚的地方，“因此抗日游击战争就主要地不是在内线配合正规军的战役作战，而是在外线单独作战”。毛泽东还具体分析了游击战的战略内容、游击战与正规战的配合等问题。在这一思想指导下，共产党领导的军队在敌后广泛展开游击战争，卓有成效地牵制与消耗日军，发挥了巨大战略作用。
有一种说法，认为抗日持久战的思想不是毛泽东最早提出的。这种说法主要依据蒋百里、陈诚等人的言论，蒋介石也有过“持久消耗战”的言论。这种认识都源于一个客观存在，即中国是一个落后大国，日本是一个先进小国。承认这个客观存在的人，并不需要特别的先见之明，就会得出中日战争将是持久战的结论。
但是，仅仅看到由客观条件造成的抗日战争的持久性，还远远不是抗日持久战的战略思想。蒋介石等人缺乏对中国与世界关系以及世界格局演变的辩证思考，因此他们对所谓“持久”的把握往往脱离实际，盲目地寄希望于西方国家的调停或干预。而中国共产党的持久战思想，是建立在对与战争相关的一切外部与内部复杂因素进行深刻分析的基础之上的，对于战争不同阶段的关系、战略持久与战役速决的关系等，都有完整的科学分析。因此它的持久战战略，既不会因为一时顺利而幻想“速胜”，也不会因为一时挫折而失去必胜的信心。
（摘编自荣维木《中国共产党抗日持久战的战略与实践》）
1. 下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 《论持久战》在分析抗战走势时，并未局限于中日两国，而是展现出对世界整体局势变化的'宏观把握。
B. 落后大国面对先进小国的侵略，不可能速胜，必然要经历由劣势到平衡、由平衡到优势的持久战争过程。
C. “不但看到武器，而且看到人力”，指在承认军力和经济力差距的前提下，相信人力和人心才是胜利之本。
D. 中国共产党抗日持久战思想不只体现在判断抗战将会长久，更体现在对战争走向作出了全面科学的分析。
2. 根据材料内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 日本军力和经济力并不占优势，因为它们仅仅掌握在日本少数人的手中。
B. 抗日游击战要更多承担外线单独作战的任务，这是当时战争的客观形势决定的。
C. 抗战整体进程是持久的，不过具体到某一场战役，也可根据实际情况速战速决。
D. 中国共产党提出的抗日持久战相信得道多助，也愿意接受国际力量的援助。
3. 下列选项符合材料二中实施持久战的“内部条件”的一项是（ ）
A. 敌虽强，但敌之强已为其他不利的因素所减杀。
B. 除东三省等地外，敌人实际只能占领大城市、大道和某些平地。
C. 中国的短处是战争力量之弱，而其长处则在其战争本质的进步性和正义性。
D. 动员了全国的老百姓，就造成了陷敌于灭顶之灾的汪洋大海。
4. 材料一多处使用了设问句和反问句，请简要分析其论证效果。
（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共4小题，16分）
阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
放牛记
徐则臣
我现在想不起我何时开始了放牛娃的生涯，又在哪一天彻底结束了这种生活。我很小就羡慕那些吆喝牛马的孩子，觉得他们是豪放粗犷的英雄。而我只是个温顺的可怜虫，总是衣裤整齐，指甲干净，不剃光头，站在他们身边像个走亲戚的陌生人。我想和他们一样，只穿一条小裤衩，光着上身和脚，晒成黑铁蛋，坐在光溜溜的水牛背上挥舞自制的长鞭，雄赳赳气昂昂向野地里进发。能够大喊大叫，可以随地撒尿，无视课堂和作业，遇到仇人要打的架一个都不落下，轻易就能滚出来一身泥。我想当个野孩子，所以，很早我就怂恿父亲买一头牛。
我家的确需要一头牛。父亲是医生，农忙时经常搭不上手；祖父祖母年纪大了，体力活儿也帮不上忙；我和姐姐都小，还要念书；十亩田都要母亲一个人对付，运粮食时都没个帮手。父亲决定买牛，哪怕只用来拉车。
买牛的那天我记得，你能想象我的激动。在下午，我和父亲去两里外的邻村牵牛，已经提前谈好了价。在邻村的中心路边，我头一次见到锯木厂，在一间大屋里，电锯冲开木料的声音在午后的热空气里格外尖利，几乎能看见那声音在闪耀着银光。我停下来看阴影里的锯木厂，横七竖八堆满了木料，新鲜的木头味道和锯末一起飞溅出来。
那头小母牛还小，吃奶的时候还要哼哼唧唧地叫，长得憨厚天真，我很喜欢。主人是个中年男人，说：回去调教半年，就能干活。他给小牛结了一个简单的辔头，缰绳递给我们，我们就把牛牵出了门。
小牛屁颠屁颠地跟着我们走，出了村才感觉不对，开始茫然地叫，表情如同迷途的小孩。一路仄着身子走，拧巴着被牵到我家。这一路走得我兴奋又纠结，想牵不敢，摸它一下，摸完了赶紧撤，怕它踢。当然后来我知道，再没有比水牛更温驯的动物了。
我经历了把一头小牛训练成壮劳力的全过程。换辔头，套车，驾辕，用声音和缰绳指挥行止，扎鼻眼，犁地，耙地。几年以后，我基本上成了老把式，可以一个人铡草、套车、驾辕，运送满满一车的粮食走在窄路上。我知道它回头看我是什么意思，知道它抬尾巴摇屁股想干什么。当然，这对我来说是副产品，我想说的还是放牛。
在当时，放牛部分地满足了我的少年英雄梦，让一个必须规整地生活的少年有了一个旁逸斜出的机会。就算现在，我也不认为整天和一头牛走在野地里是件苦叽叽的事，相反，我以为那是我少年时代最快乐的生活之一。
放牛都在夏天，放了暑假我才有时间。三伏天的午后太阳高悬，蚂蚁都被晒蒙了，晕晕乎乎爬出的全是曲线；如果要去远处找水草丰茂的地方，那我就得早早地从午睡中爬起来，戴上草帽出门。我直犯困，遇到树荫就不想再动，尤其经过河边，看那些戏水的同伴，你真觉得放牛实在是个负担。让人烦的还有一个，大雨天。这不是放牛的好时候，但牛出不去你得出去，割草，干不干活你都得让它每天吃饱；家里自也备了干草，只是大夏天的芳草萋萋，你不让它吃新鲜的，不人道也不牛道。还是得穿雨衣戴斗笠挎篮子割草去。漫天雨雾，汤汤水水的野地里就你一个人，蹲在草丛里形同消失，像我这种动不动就悲观的人，常常会觉得自己被这个世界遗弃了，那感觉也不太好。
不过这样的时候毕竟少，英雄主义的少年时代总体上是乐观向上的――放牛的确是件好玩的事。野地自由，有种无所事事的、透明的自然与放松。放牛通常是集体行动，几个放牛娃排成队伍往村外走，大家都坐在牛背上，屁股底下垫条麻袋。水牛走起来浑身都在动，骑牛更像坐轿子。后面的人打前面的牛屁股，一个跟着一个跑起来，六七头牛，都在撅着屁股跑，那队伍看起来很壮观。牛一跑，大肚子就扑扇扑扇地抖，活像巨大的金鱼腮在鼓鼓瘪瘪地呼吸。如果你是新手，最好抓住缰绳，夹紧两腿，能抱住牛脖子更好，否则你随时可能掉下去。有天黄昏，牧童晚归，我骑在牛背上慢悠悠往家走，有人对着牛屁股猛的一巴掌，受了惊的牛撅起屁股就跑，我手里还抱着自己做的一根竹笛在专心地找音，连缰绳都没抓，牛一屁股把我送到了右前方的水沟里，半个脑袋扎进了淤泥。
如果真要找一点和其他放牛娃的不同，可能就是我放牛经常带本书。很多武侠小说都是在坟地里看的。乱坟岗子里草好，把缰绳缠到牛角上让它们自己吃去，我们找个形状合适的坟堆，铺上麻袋就着坟势躺下来，翘起二郎腿。想睡觉的睡觉，想唱歌的唱歌，想发呆的发呆；我想看书，从兜里拽出一本武侠小说来。清风徐来，头顶有松树遮阴，天上流云飞动，此时看武侠，几等于尘嚣皆忘，那一个白衣飘飘的侠义世界美不胜收――大虚乃是大实，大无中有大有。
放牛给了我一个几近完美的少年时代，放松，自由，融入野地里，跟自然和大地曾经如此贴近。我在放牛时没能让自己成为一个野孩子，或者说没能成为我希望的那样的野孩子，不知道这个结果是好还是坏。往事总在回忆时被赋予意义，在放牛这个经历上，我更愿意就事论事，返回到当年的心境里，看一看当时的悲欢和忧乐。
6. 下列对文本相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，正确的一项是（ ）
A. 父亲决定买牛，除了确属生产需要，也想让儿子跟其他孩子一起放牛，以改变他“像个走亲戚的陌生人”那样不合群的性格。
B. 作为一个曾经的“老把式”，“我”却认为驭牛的诸般本领都只是“副产品”，只有放牛那种“旁逸斜出”的生活才是“我”最想谈论的。
C. 大雨天里为牛割草的情形，让“我”意识到自己是一个“悲观”之人，可见放牛生活对“我”思想意识的养成有着至关重要的意义。
D. 文中记述“我”在乱坟岗子里看武侠小说，是有意以环境的阴森怪异来映衬看武侠的乐趣，也凸显出“尘嚣皆忘”的读书境界。
7. 关于文中锯木厂这个段落，下列说法不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 买牛让“我”格外激动，因此买牛那天的相关情景在“我”的记忆里依然生动鲜活。
B. 两里外邻村路边的锯木厂，对那时的“我”来说，俨然一个陌生而刺激的新天地。
C. 这个段落看似闲笔，实则以先抑后扬的手法来突出下文“我”的“兴奋又纠结”。
D. 这段文字里弥漫着热、声、光影、气味，营造出记忆中少年旧事那独特的气息。
8. 文章为何说“放牛给了我一个几近完美的少年时代”？
9. 文末画线的句子表明，作者不愿在回忆往事时为放牛“赋予意义”。你认为本文是否做到了这一点？请简要说明。
二、古代诗文阅读（35分）
（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，22分）
阅读下面的文言文，完成下面小题。
材料一：
李广有孙陵，为侍中，善骑射。帝以为有广之风，使教射酒泉、张掖以备胡。及贰师击匈奴[注]，陵叩头自请曰：“臣所将屯边者，皆荆楚勇士奇材剑客也。愿得自当一队，到兰干山南以分单于兵，毋令专乡贰师军。臣愿以少击众，步兵五千人涉单于庭。”上壮而许之。陵至浚稽山，与单于相值，骑可三万围陵军。陵搏战攻之，虏还走上山，汉军追击，杀数千人。单于大惊，召八万余骑攻陵。陵军步斗树木间，复杀数千人。陵居谷中，虏在山上，四面射，矢如雨下。士卒多死，不得行。陵曰：“无面目报陛下！”遂降。上怒甚，群臣皆罪陵。上以问太史令司马迁，迁盛言：“陵事亲孝，与士信，常奋不顾身以徇国家之急，其素所畜积也，有国士之风。且陵提步卒不满五千，深蹂戎马之地，抑数万之师。身虽陷败，然其所摧败亦足暴于天下。彼之不死，宜欲得当以报汉也。”上以迁为诬罔，下迁腐刑。久之，上悔陵无救。上遣（公孙）敖深入匈奴迎李陵，敖军无功还，因曰：“捕得生口，言李陵教单于为兵以备汉军。”上于是族陵家。既而闻之，乃汉将降匈奴者李绪，非陵也。陵使人刺杀绪，大阏氏欲杀陵，单于匿之北方。大阏氏死，乃还。单于以女妻陵，立为右校王，与卫律皆贵用事。卫律常在单于左右；陵居外，有大事乃入议。（征和三年）三月，遣李广利将七万人出五原，击匈奴。匈奴使大将与李陵将三万余骑追汉军，转战九日。
（节选自《资治通鉴・汉纪》）
材料二：
李陵之降也，罪较著而不可掩。如谓其孤军支虏而无援，则以步卒五千出塞，陵自炫其勇，而非武帝命之不获辞也。陵之族也，则嫁其祸于李绪；迨其后李广利征匈奴，陵将三万余骑追汉军，转战九日，亦将委罪于绪乎？如曰陵受单于之制，不得不追奔转战者，匈奴岂伊无可信之人？令陵有两袒之心，单于亦何能信陵而委以重兵，使深入而与汉将相持乎！迁之为陵文过若不及，而抑称道李广于不绝，以奖其世业。为将而降降而为之效死以战虽欲浣涤其污而已缁之素不可复白。大节丧，则余无可浣也。李陵曰“思一得当以报汉”，愧苏武而为之辞也。其背逆也，固非迁之所得而文焉者也。
（节选自王夫之《读通鉴论》卷三）
[注]贰师，指汉代贰师将军李广利。
10. 材料中画波浪线的部分有三处需要断句，请用铅笔将答题卡上相应位置的答案标号涂黑。
为将而降A降而为之B效死C以战D虽欲浣E涤其污F而已G缁之素不可复白。
11. 下列对材料中加点的词语及相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 壮，认为……豪壮，意动用法，与《老子》“不贵难得之货”的“贵”用法相同。
B. 亲，父母，可偏指父或母，与《孔雀东南飞》“我有亲父兄”的“亲”意思不相同。
C. “彼之不死”与《爱莲说》“予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染”的“之”用法不相同。
D. 迨，等到，与《项脊轩志》“迨诸父异爨”的“迨”字意思相同。
12. 下列对材料有关内容的概述，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 李陵擅长骑马射箭，受命在酒泉、张掖训练军队。李广利出击匈奴时，李陵请求以少击众，率五千步卒深入单于王庭，王夫之认为这是“自炫其勇”。
B. 李陵遭遇单于三万人马，奋力作战，单于震恐，召八万人围攻李陵，李陵率军杀敌数千。对于李陵的战功，司马迁称赞他虽败犹荣，而王夫之则未置一词。
C. 李陵投降后，武帝大怒，司马迁竭力替李陵辩白。王夫之认为，司马迁这样做的原因，是担心如果不及时为李陵掩饰罪过，就会损害李广的声誉。
D. 武帝误信李陵帮助匈奴训练军队，诛杀李陵家族，其实帮助匈奴的是李绪。王夫之认为，即便灭族之祸可以归罪于李绪，李陵的罪责也无可推卸。
13. 把材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
（1）愿得自当一队，到兰干山南以分单于兵，毋令专乡贰师军。
（2）李陵曰“思一得当以报汉”，愧苏武而为之辞也。其背逆也，固非迁之所得而文焉者也。
14. 王夫之强调李陵“大节丧，则余无可浣也”，材料一有哪些事实可以支持王夫之的观点？请简要概括。
（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）
阅读下面这首宋诗，完成下面小题。
宿千岁庵听泉
刘克庄
因爱庵前一脉泉， 衾来此借房眠。
骤闻将谓溪当户，久听翻疑屋是船。
变作怒声犹壮伟，滴成细点更清圆。
君看昔日兰亭帖，亦把湍流替管弦。
15. 下列对这首诗理解和赏析，不正确的一项是（ ）
A. 诗的开头交代，诗人之所以会到千岁庵借宿，是出于对庵前泉水的喜爱。
B. 诗歌主要是从听觉的角度来描写泉流，与题目中的“听泉”二字相切合。
C. 诗人雅趣与古人相通，在听泉的时候，联想到昔日曲水流觞的兰亭雅集。
D. 诗人与兰亭诸贤一样，都把对音乐之美的追求寄托于山水而摒弃了乐器。
16. 本诗采用了对比手法，颈联写泉水的声音既响亮又微小，请结合诗句简要分析。
（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）
17. 补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
（1）《屈原列传》“___________，____________”描写寻常事物须从宏大意象列举表达深远意蕴。
（2）《归园田居・其一》“_____________，____________”表示栽种多种树木受到喜爱。
（3）唐代诗人写时事，常常托之于汉代，如“___________，___________”借汉喻唐，以古喻今。
三、语言文字运用（本题共5小题，18分）
阅读文字，完成下面小题。
当你觉得劳累而懒得说话，情绪、胃口不佳且脑子不转时，往往是身体在提醒你：“电量已经触底，需要立即充电。”常用的充电方式，包括合理睡眠、适度运动、调整饮食等多种，其中睡眠最为重要。①如果睡眠不足和睡眠过度都会加重人的疲惫感，②引发多种疾病，③所以，④通过睡眠如何快速让自己精力充沛，⑤才是问题的关键。
睡眠时长是保证身体正常运转的必要条件。至于每天要睡多久才能保证身体健康，相信喜爱健康科普节目的人，都已经耳熟能详了。实际上，我们所需的睡眠时长是 A 的，有人不睡够9个小时难以清醒，有人睡上4个小时就能活力满满；有人睡了很长时间仍然精神萎靡，有人只要打个盹儿就能 B 。因此，能够保证自己心情舒畅、精神饱满的睡眠时长，就是最适合自己的睡眠时长。
睡眠不足会导致疲劳无法缓解而残留下来，长此以往，疲劳会像负债一样逐渐累积并且利上滚利，掏空你的“家底”，进而引发多种疾病。（ 甲 ）也很简单：在节假日睡到自然醒，记下你的睡眠时长，然后减去工作日的睡眠时长，如果多出2个小时以上，即说明你正处于“睡眠负债”的状态，需要及时补充调整。但另一方面，一次性补充过多的睡眠，又会扰乱人体生物钟，使你的睡眠质量大打折扣，同时引发新的疲劳。所以对于“睡眠负债”，要采取“分期偿还”的方式求得解决。其实，（ 乙 ）。如果质量不佳，睡眠时间再长也难以恢复疲劳。而提高睡眠质量的方法有很多种，如在固定时间起床，以调整身体节律；在睡眠前洗热水澡，以尽量放松身心。只有睡得够，睡得好，坚持不懈，才能从“感觉身心疲惫”成功转化成“感觉棒极了”。
18. 文中第一段用“电”比喻人的精力体力，使用了借喻的修辞手法。请以“云”为本体写一个句子。要求：语意完整，使用借喻；借喻贴切，表达流畅。
19. 请在文中画横线处填入恰当的成语。
20. 文中第一段标序号的部分有两处表述不当，请指出其序号并做修改，使语言准确流畅，逻辑严密，不得改变原意。
21. 请在文中括号内补写恰当的语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，内容贴切，逻辑严密，每处不超过15个字。
22. 文中画波浪线的“恢复疲劳”，有人说不合逻辑，有人说可以使用。你的看法是什么？请简要说明理由。
四、写作（60分）
23. 阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
随着互联网的普及、人工智能的应用，越来越多的问题能很快得到答案。那么，我们的问题是否会越来越少？
以上材料引发了你怎样的联想和思考？请写一篇文章。
要求：选准角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考Ⅰ卷）
语 文
（适用省份：山东、河北、湖北、福建、湖南、广东、江苏，浙江）
一、现代文阅读（35分）
（一）现代文阅读1（本题共5小题，19分）
【1~5题答案】
【答案】1. B 2. A
3. D 4. ①使用设问句，如“这个结论是正确的吗？我以为是正确的”，能引起读者注意，启发读者思考，强调了结论的正确性；
②使用反问句，如“在这种情况下，难道中国也不能变成优势吗？”增强语气，更加鲜明有力地表达观点，强调了中国可以通过持久战扭转劣势的观点。
5. ①要有全面、宏观的视角，不局限于一时一地，要考虑到各种相关因素和世界局势的变化；
②要客观分析敌我双方的优势与劣势，不盲目乐观或悲观；
③要看到人力、人心等非物质因素的重要性；
④要对战争的不同阶段有清晰认识和科学分析，既不幻想速胜，也不失去信心；
⑤要善于从战略高度思考问题，把握战争的整体走势和发展规律。
（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共4小题，16分）
【6~9题答案】
【答案】6. B 7. C
8. ①放牛生活给了作者一个自由、放松的少年时代，贴近了自然，拥有了一段无忧无虑快乐美好的回忆；②实现了“我”的少年英雄梦。
9. 观点一：做到了。作者在回忆放牛的经历时，没有过多地赋予意义，而是就事论事，返回到当年的心境里，真实地展现了当时的悲欢和忧乐
观点二：没做到。文中的放牛生活虽然真切，但仍然经过了回忆的过滤甚至重塑，已经被赋予了意义，其中对“放松”“自由”“野孩子”等的强化，读武侠而感叹虚实有无等，渗入了当下经验和现实感受。
二、古代诗文阅读（35分）
（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，22分）
【10~14题答案】
【答案】10. ADF
11. C 12. C
13. （1）我愿意亲自率领一支队伍，到兰干山南面去分散单于的兵力，不让他全力对付贰师将军的军队。
（2）李陵说“我是想找一个适当机会来报答汉朝”，只不过是见到苏武义举感到惭愧而找的借口。他的背叛，本来就不是司马迁所能文饰的。
14. ①李陵打仗失败后即投降匈奴；②与降将卫律一道成为单于左膀右臂；③率领大军追击汉军。
（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）
【15~16题答案】
【答案】15. D 16. 诗中“变作怒声犹壮伟，滴成细点更清圆”将泉声有时如怒声般壮伟和有时如细点般清圆进行对比，形象地展现了泉声的丰富多变和独特魅力。这种对比的描写方式，使泉声更加具体可感，让读者能更好地领略泉声的美妙。
（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）
【17题答案】
【答案】 ①. 其称文小而其指极大 ②. 举类迩而见义远 ③. 榆柳荫后檐 ④. 桃李罗堂前 ⑤. 汉家烟尘在东北 ⑥. 汉将辞家破残贼（君不闻汉家山东二百州，千村万落生荆杞/汉皇重色思倾国，御宇多年求不得）
三、语言文字运用（本题共5小题，18分）
【18~22题答案】
【答案】18. 天空中那一团团棉花糖，洁白、柔软，让人忍不住想要咬上一口。
19. A因人而异；B精神抖擞。
20. ①句修改为：睡眠不足或睡眠过度都会加重人的疲惫感（如果睡眠不足或睡眠过度那么都会加重人的疲惫感）；④句修改为：如何通过睡眠快速让自己精力充沛。
21. （甲）判断自己是否处于“睡眠负债”状态；（乙）睡眠质量也是消除疲劳的重要因素。
22. 示例1：可以使用。“恢复”应理解为使用用法，“恢复疲劳”是强调通过睡眠等方式使疲劳的状态得到缓解和消除，恢复到不疲劳的状态，从这个角度理解是符合逻辑的。（如果认为不合逻辑，可从“恢复”一词的常见语义角度说明，言之成理也可）
四、写作（60分）
【23题答案】
【答案】例文：
无极之外仍是无极
盘古开天辟地，启动了世界运行的按钮。从刀耕火种到互联网普及，从混沌蒙昧到人工智能，时至今日，越来越多的问题能迅速在网上检索到答案。这是否意味着我们可以从思考探索中摆脱出来，问题越来越少呢？窃以为不然。正如汤之问棘：“上下四方有极乎？”棘曰：“无极之外复无极也。”旧的问题得到了解答，新的问题又接踵而至，不断循环可谓无极之外仍是无极。
爱迪生曾说：“一切都是谜，一个谜的答案是另一个谜。”人类本就是一种爱探究原因的生物，600万年以来，哪怕是茹毛饮血，人类从未停止过质疑释疑的脚步。也正是得益于此，代表着人类智慧结晶的互联网和人工智能高效快捷地反哺着人们好奇的胃口，顷刻间便消散了人们心中的疑惑。于是，在本能的驱使下，人们只会“撑一支长篙，向青草更青处漫溯”，问题岂会越来越少？
放眼物理研究，牛顿解答了苹果为什么会落在地上后，又疑惑引力来自哪里，爱因斯坦发现这是广义相对论的问题，但广义相对论却与量子力学格格不入……力学的问题如同一个九连环，环环相扣，“引无数英雄竞折腰”，孜孜不倦！可见，世界本就是一本“沙之书”，解答了一个谜，另一个谜便应运而生，解答的速度越快，产生的问题便越多。世界便是在这样的回环往复当中，走入了发展的快车道，催生了今天的日新月异！
毋庸置疑，高速发展的时代在全面答疑的同时，的确加速了我们探索的步伐。但是，正如狄更斯所言：“这是一个智慧的年代，这是一个愚蠢的年代。”我们在欣喜于自己越来越智慧的同时，也悲哀地发现很多人开始不自觉地依赖于这些智能产物，彻底地放飞了自我。正所谓“用进废退”，我们心中的问题越来越少，可是身上的问题却越来越多。
不知从何时起，“不懂问度娘”成了我们的口头禅，消减了我们探索的欲望；超级计算机成了我们的新“头脑”，退化了我们运算的功能；移动支付成了我们生活的常态，收起了我们感知的触角；网上购物成了流行的购买方式，钝化了我们交际的灵敏；无人驾驶汽车成了未来的新宠，抽取着我们生活的技能……智能的时代似乎帮我们解决了所有的问题，却也可怕地反噬着我们的能力，让懒惰懈怠的人问题越来越多，也越来越“愚蠢”。
所幸，哲学帮我们解决了这个让人左右为难的问题。“任何事物都具有两面性”，在这无极之外仍是无极的浩瀚空间里，我们既可以自豪于问题激发问题的超能力，又要避免于问题衍生问题的新焦虑，扬长避短，方可在这亘古未有的新时代里逍遥畅游。
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